Jaundice-associated conditions
Newborn jaundice (producing yellow skin) can have many causes, but the majority of these infants have a condition called physiological jaundice, a natural occurrence in the newborn due to the immature liver. This type of jaundice is short term, generally lasting only a few days. Jaundice should be evaluated by a physician until decreasing or normal levels of bilirubin are measured in the blood.
Also known as: Conditions associated with jaundice
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Hepatitis due to the effects of drugs (drug-induced hepatitis)
- Jaundice caused by reduced oxygen or blood flow to the liver (ischemic hepatitis)
- Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E)
- Biliary atresia
- Blockage of the bile ducts (by infection, tumor, biliary stricture or gallstones)
- Gallbladder and bile duct cancers
- Primary biliary cirrhosis
- Bile pools in the liver because of the effects of drugs (drug-induced cholestasis)
- Cirrhosis
- Congenital disorders of bilirubin metabolism
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Gilbert disease
- Bile pools in the liver during pregnancy (intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy)
- Newborn jaundice
- Pancreatic carcinoma
- Dark urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
- Yellow in the white part of the eyes (sclera)
- Yellow skin
- Cancers may produce no symptoms, or there may be fatigue, weight loss, or other symptoms
- Hepatitis may produce nausea, vomiting, fatigue, or other symptoms
- Jaundice
- Liver swelling (possibly)
- Abdominal CT scan
- Abdominal ultrasound
- CT scan-directed biopsy
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTCA)
Definition
Jaundice-associated conditions are diseases or conditions that cause yellow skin (jaundice).
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Jaundice is a sign of liver, gallbladder, or certain blood disorders. The skin and the eyes become yellow due to the buildup of bilirubin in the skin and "white" of the eye (sclera).
Conditions associated with jaundice include:
Hepatitis:
Gallbladder and bile duct disorders:
Liver disorders:
Other causes:
Symptoms
Other symptoms depend on the specific disorder:
Signs and tests
Physical examination will show:
Specific tests vary, but will include blood liver function tests to determine how well the liver is working.
Other tests may include:
Treatment
All jaundice-associated conditions need to be diagnosed and treated. In some cases, you will only need observation, but always talk to your health care provider.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome varies.
Complications
Complications vary, but can include life-threatening liver failure.
Calling your health care provider
Contact your health care provider if you develop symptoms of jaundice.
Prevention
Prevention depends on the disorder that causes the jaundice.
References
Berk PD, Korenblat KM. Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver test results. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007: chap 150.
- Review date:
- April 23, 2009
- Reviewed by:
- David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and George F. Lonstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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