Hypervitaminosis D

Also known as: Vitamin D toxicity

Definition

Hypervitaminosis D is a condition that occurs after taking excessive doses of vitamin D.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

An excess of vitamin D causes abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood, which can eventually severely damage the bones, soft tissues, and kidneys. It is almost always caused by forms of vitamin D that require a doctor's prescription.

Symptoms

• Constipation
• Decreased appetite (anorexia)
• Dehydration
• Fatigue
• Irritability
• Muscle weakness
• Vomiting

Signs and tests

• Excess calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia)
• Excess calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria)
• Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
• High blood pressure
• Passing large amounts of urine (polyuria)

Tests to confirm the diagnosis:

• 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels
• 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels
• Serum calcium
• Serum phosphorus
• X-ray of the bone

Treatment

Stop taking vitamin D. Consult your physician. In severe cases, other treatment may be necessary.

Expectations (prognosis)

Recovery is expected.

Complications

• Dehydration
• Hypercalcemia
• Kidney damage
• Kidney stones

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if:

• You or your child shows symptoms of hypervitaminosis D and has been taking more vitamin D than the recommended daily allowance
• You or your child shows symptoms and has been taking a prescription form of vitamin D

Prevention

To prevent this condition, pay careful attention to the correct vitamin D dose.

See also:

• Nutrition

  Vitamin D

  

  Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body’s fatty tissue.

Review date:

November 23, 2009

Reviewed by:

Ari S. Eckman, MD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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