Chest x-ray

A diaphragmatic hernia is a birth defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the diaphragm, the muscle that helps you breathe. The opening allows part of the organs from the belly (stomach, spleen, liver, and intestines) to go up into the chest cavity near the lungs.

Skin lesions of histoplasmosis are a symptom of widespread infection with the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This article talks about skin lesions due to histoplasmosis only. For more general information on the disease, see:

Metastatic pleural tumor is a type of that has spread from another organ to the thin membrane (pleura) surrounding the lungs.

Necrotizing vasculitis is a rare condition that involves inflammation of the blood vessel walls.

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which the wall that separates the upper heart chambers (atria) does not close completely. Congenital means the defect is present at birth.

Chronic mitral regurgitation is a long-term disorder in which the heart’s mitral valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward (leak) into the upper heart chamber when the left lower heart chamber contracts. The condition is progressive, which means it gradually gets worse. ...

Aspiration pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs and airways to the lungs (bronchial tubes) from breathing in foreign material.

Transposition of the great vessels is a congenital heart defect in which the two major vessels that carry blood away from the heart — the aorta and the pulmonary artery — are switched (transposed).

Blood thinners – clopidogrel; Antiplatelet therapy – clopidogrel

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial lung infection.

Byssinosis is a disease of the lungs brought on by breathing in cotton dust or dusts from other vegetable fibers such as flax, hemp, or sisal while at work. See also:

The aorta is the main artery carrying blood out of the heart. When blood leaves the heart, it flows through the aortic valve, into the aorta. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does not open fully. This decreases blood flow from the heart.

You have urinary incontinence. This is when you are not able to keep urine from leaking from your urethra, the tube that carries urine out of your body from your bladder. Urinary incontinence may occur as your age or after a surgery or childbirth. There are many things you can do to help keep ...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is scarring or thickening of the lungs without a known cause.

Metastatic cancer to the lung is cancer that starts somewhere else in the body and spreads to the lungs. See also:

After you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure by measuring it at home. There are devices that are easy to use and can help you monitor your blood pressure at home. Practice with your doctor or nurse to make sure you are taking your ...

Aortic insufficiency is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve weakens or balloons, preventing the valve from closing tightly. This leads to the backward flow of blood from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (the left lower chamber of the heart).

Heart disease – prevention

Chest pain is discomfort or pain that you feel anywhere along the front of your body between your neck and upper abdomen.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a cancer of lymph tissue found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites.

Bacterial pericarditis is irritation and swelling of the sac that surrounds the heart (pericardium), due to infection by bacteria. See also:

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a condition in which the body does not make enough of a protein that protects the lungs and liver from damage. The condition can lead to emphysema and .

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an episode in which a person has -like symptoms for up to 1-2 hours. A TIA is often considered a warning sign that a true stroke may happen in the future if something is not done to prevent it.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, and it cannot pump blood efficiently. The decreased heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems. There are several different types of . Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form. ...

Standard ileostomy – diet; Brooke ileostomy – diet; Continent ileostomy – diet; Abdominal pouch – diet; End ileostomy – diet; Ostomy – diet

Sterile gloves

Mitral stenosis is a heart valve disorder that involves the mitral valve. This valve separates the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart. Stenosis refers to a condition in which the valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow.

Echinococcus is an infection caused by the Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis worm.

Coughing up blood is the spitting up of blood or bloody mucus from the lungs and throat (respiratory tract). Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.

Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is a long-term respiratory infection caused by breathing the spores of the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. See also:

Malignant hypertension is a sudden and rapid development of extremely high blood pressure. The lower (diastolic) blood pressure reading, which is normally around 80 mmHg, is often above 130 mmHg.

A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, is the collection of air in the space around the lungs. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally does when you take a breath.

Goodpasture syndrome is a rare disease that can involve along with lung disease. However, some forms of the disease involve just the lung or kidney, not both.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease in which a type of protein builds up in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, making breathing difficult.

Primary hypothyroidism is a condition in which a defect in the thyroid gland leads to reduced production of thyroid hormone.

Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infection of the lung with the bacteria, Nocardia asteroides.

Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the lungs from the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). See also:

Pulmonary aspergilloma is a mass caused by a fungal infection that usually grows in lung cavities. It can also appear in the brain, kidney, or other organs.

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Infection in humans most often involves the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, or the lungs. See also:

Acute mitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the heart’s mitral valve suddenly does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward (leak) into the upper heart chamber when the left lower heart chamber contracts. See also:

SVC obstruction is a narrowing or blockage of the superior vena cava — the second largest vein in the human body. The superior vena cava moves blood from the upper half of the body to the heart.

Inhalation (or respiratory) is an infectious disease brought on by breathing in the of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis.

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. See also: Chronic thyroiditis ()

Blastomycosis is a rare infection that may develop when people breathe in (inhale) a fungus called Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is found in wood and soil. See also:

Lung disease is any disease or disorder that occurs in the lungs or that causes the lungs to not work properly. There are three main types of lung disease: Airway diseases — These diseases affect the tubes (airways) that carry oxygen and other gases into and out of the lungs. These diseases ...

Ventricular septal defect describes one or more holes in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. Ventricular septal defect is one of the most common congenital (present from birth) heart defects. It may occur by itself or with other congenital diseases.

ICD – discharge; Defibrillation – discharge

A pleural effusion is a buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity.

A pulmonary embolus is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by fat, air, a blood clot, or tumor cells.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a fungal infection of the lungs. The disease used to be called Pneumocystis carinii.

Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon cancerous of the lining of the lung and chest cavity (pleura) or lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) that is typically due to long-term asbestos exposure.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic . SLE may affect the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.

Bronchiolitis is swelling and mucus buildup in the smallest air passages in the lungs (bronchioles), usually due to a viral infection.

Neurosarcoidosis is a complication of in which inflammation occurs in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the nervous system.

Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure. These problems include: Thickening of the heart muscle See also:

Cardiac tamponade is compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium (heart muscle) and the pericardium (outer covering sac of the heart).

Neuroblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) that develops from nerve tissue. It occurs in infants and children.

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. In a health care setting, a machines sends are individual x-ray particles, called photons. These particles pass through the body. A computer or special film is used to record the images that are created. Structures that are ...

Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood or . See also:

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder in which a weakened heart is diagnosed within the final month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery.

Pericarditis is inflammation and swelling of the covering of the heart (pericardium). The condition can occur in the days or weeks following a heart attack. See also:

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is an extremely rare form of high blood pressure in the lung area. See also:

Legionnaire’s disease is an acute infection caused by Legionella bacteria.

Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. See also:

Q fever is an infectious disease that is spread by domestic and wild animals and ticks.

A heart attack is when blood vessels that supply blood to the heart are blocked, preventing enough oxygen from getting to the heart. The heart muscle dies or becomes permanently damaged. Your doctor calls this a myocardial infarction.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy – discharge; Shock wave lithotripsy – discharge; Laser lithotripsy – discharge; Percutaneous lithotripsy – discharge; Endoscopic lithotripsy – discharge; ESWL – discharge

Sarcoidosis is a disease in which swelling (inflammation) occurs in the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, or other tissues.

Histiocytosis is a general name for a group of syndromes that involve an abnormal increase in the number of immune cells called . There are three major classes of histiocytoses: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, which is also called histiocytosis X Malignant histiocytosis syndrome (now known as ...

If more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will split or break. A break of any size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture (compound fracture). A stress fracture is a hairline crack in the bone that develops because of repeated or ...

Craniotomy – discharge; Surgery – brain – discharge; Neurosurgery – discharge; Craniectomy – discharge; Stereotactic craniotomy – discharge; Stereotactic brain biopsy – discharge; Endoscopic craniotomy – discharge

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a term that doctors use to describe patients who have reduced heart pumping (squeezing) due to coronary artery disease. These patients often have congestive heart failure. “Ischemic” means that an organ (such as the heart) is not getting enough blood and ...

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of , shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. See also:

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by many different germs, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This article discusses describes pneumonia that occurs in a person whose ability to fight infection is greatly reduced because their immune system is weakened and not working properly. ...

A solitary pulmonary nodule is a round or oval spot (lesion) in the lungs that is seen with a or .

A brain abscess is a collection of immune cells, pus, and other material in the brain, usually from a bacterial or fungal infection.

Wilms tumor is a type of kidney cancer that occurs in children.

Pulmonary edema is an abnormal build up of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs, which leads to shortness of breath

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is cancer of the lymphoid tissue, which includes the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs of the immune system.

Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a lung infection caused by breathing in the fungus Coccidioides.

Drug-induced pulmonary disease is lung disease brought on by a bad reaction to a medication.

Silicosis is a disease caused by breathing in (inhaling) silica dust.

Tetralogy of Fallot refers to a type of congenital heart defect. Congenital means present at birth.

Industrial bronchitis is swelling (inflammation) of the large airways of the lungs that occurs in some people who work around certain dusts, fumes, smoke, or other substances. See also: Acute bronchitis Chronic bronchitis

Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). See also:

Occupational asthma is a lung disorder in which various substances found in the workplace lead to breathing difficulties. See also:

Renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer in which the cancerous cells are found in the lining of very small tubes (tubules) in the kidney.

Pneumonia is a respiratory condition in which there is infection of the lung. Community-acquired pneumonia refers to pneumonia in people who have not recently been in the hospital or another health care facility (nursing home, rehabilitation facility). See also:

Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast. There are two main types of breast cancer: Ductal carcinoma starts in the tubes (ducts) that move milk from the breast to the nipple. Most breast cancers are of this type. Lobular carcinoma starts in the parts of the breast, called ...

A premature infant is a baby born before 37 weeks .

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a heart valve disorder that involves the pulmonary valve. This valve separates the right ventricle (one of the chambers in the heart) and the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. Stenosis occurs when the valve cannot open wide ...

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs.

Rheumatoid lung disease is a group of lung problems related to . The condition can include fluid in the chest (), scarring (), lumps (nodules), and high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

Mitral valve prolapse is a heart problem in which the valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly.

Wegener’s granulomatosis is a rare disorder in which blood vessels become inflamed, making it hard for blood to flow.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is inflammation of the lungs due to breathing in a foreign substance, usually certain types of dust, fungus, or molds.

Diffuse interstitial lung disease refers to a group of lung disorders in which the deep lung tissues become inflamed.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia is an infection of the lungs contracted during a hospital stay.

Benign mesothelioma is a noncancerous of the lining of the lung and chest cavity, an area called the pleura. See also:

Aspergillosis is an infection, growth, or due to the Aspergillus fungus.

Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitude (typically above 8,000 feet or 2,400 meters).

Chronic glomerulonephritis is the advanced stage of a group of kidney disorders, resulting in inflammation and slowly worsening destruction of internal kidney structures called glomeruli.

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis is a respiratory infection caused by inhaling the of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust from coal, graphite, or man-made carbon over a long period of time.

Asbestosis is a disease brought on by inhaling asbestos fibers.

Atypical mycobacterial infection is an illness caused by a type of mycobacterium other than .

Cardiac amyloidosis is a disorder caused by deposits of an abnormal protein (amyloid) in the heart tissue, which make it hard for the heart to work properly.

Pulmonary hypertension is abnormally high in the arteries of the lungs. It makes the right side of the heart need to work harder than normal.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fast-growing type of . It spreads much more quickly than . There are three different types of small cell lung cancer: Small cell carcinoma (oat cell cancer) Mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma Combined small cell carcinoma Most small cell lung cancers are the ...

Aortic coarctation is a narrowing of part of the aorta (the major artery leading out of the heart). It is a type of birth defect. Coarctation means narrowing.

Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a lung infection caused by breathing in of Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii, fungi found in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Central and South America. See also:

Early disseminated or secondary Lyme disease is an inflammatory disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. See also:

Infectious endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart chambers and heart valves that is caused by bacteria, fungi, or other infectious substances. See also:

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain that usually forms before birth.

Testicular cancer is cancer that starts in the testicles, the male reproductive glands located in the scrotum.

Primary alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder of unknown cause in which a person does not take enough breaths per minute. The lungs and airways are normal.

Atypical pneumonia refers to pneumonia caused by certain bacteria, including Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Pneumonia is a condition in which there is an infection of the lung.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. The thickening makes it harder for blood to leave the heart, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood.

Caplan syndrome is swelling (inflammation) and scarring of the lungs in people with who have been exposed to mining dust, such as coal, silica, or asbestos.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung condition that affects newborn babies who were either put on a breathing machine after birth or were born very early (prematurely).

Adult Still’s disease is a rare illness that causes high fevers, rash, and joint pain. It may lead to long-term (chronic) arthritis. Still’s disease is a severe version of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which occurs in children. Adults can have the same condition, though much ...

Aortic dissection is a potentially life-threatening condition in which there is bleeding into and along the wall of the aorta, the major artery carrying blood out of the heart.

Bronchiectasis is destruction and widening of the large airways. If the condition is present at birth, it is called congenital bronchiectasis. If it develops later in life, it is called acquired bronchiectasis.

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a fungal infection that occurs after inhaling the of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. See also:

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus is an that is brought on by a reaction to medication. See also:

Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure, is a condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body.

Viral pneumonia is inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the lungs due to infection with a virus. See also:

Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to a group of disorders in which the heart chambers are unable to properly fill with blood because of stiffness in the heart.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a very common virus that leads to mild, cold-like symptoms in adults and older healthy children. It can be more serious in young babies, especially to those in certain high-risk groups.

Chest pain – discharge; Stable angina – discharge; Chronic angina – discharge; Variant angina – discharge; Angina pectoris – discharge; Accelerating angina – discharge; New-onset angina – discharge; Angina – unstable – discharge; Progressive ...

Atelectasis is the collapse of part or (much less commonly) all of a lung. See also:

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that spreads through the bloodstream and involves many organs.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus fails to close normally in an infant soon after birth. (The word “patent” means open.) The condition leads to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery, two major blood ...

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is most commonly a complication seen in premature infants. The condition makes it difficult to breathe.

Myocardial infarction – discharge; MI – discharge; Coronary event – discharge; Infarct – discharge

Pericarditis is a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed. See also:

Scleroderma is a widespread connective tissue disease that involves changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.

A metastatic is cancer that started in another part of the body and spread to the brain.

Empyema is a collection of pus in the space between the lung and the inside of the chest wall (pleural space).

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting into the blood. See also:

Small intestine surgery – discharge; Bowel resection – small intestine – discharge; Resection of part of the small intestine – discharge; Enterectomy- discharge

Achalasia is a disorder of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus), which affects the ability of the esophagus to move food toward the stomach.

Simple pulmonary eosinophilia is inflammation of the lungs associated with an increase in eosinophils, a type of white blood cell.