Yeast Infection Remedies That Work

Several factors can increase the risk of a yeast infection by disrupting the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina.

“Bacteria normally found in your body help regulate Candida growth, but if something upsets the balance or makes your body more yeast-friendly, it can grow out of control and cause an infection," Dr. Fainman says.

Common risk factors include:

• Broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as tetracycline
• Hormonal changes related to menstruation, pregnancy, menopause or hormonal birth control
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Tight-fitting clothing and non-breathable fabrics
• Conditions or treatments that weaken the immune system, such as HIV infection, chemotherapy or certain medications

Yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs). But sexual activity can sometimes cause irritation or changes in the vaginal environment that may increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection can range from mild irritation to significant discomfort. Intense itching in and around the vagina is one of the most common signs.

Other signs of a yeast infection may include:

• Vaginal soreness or burning
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Vaginal rash
• Pain during sex
• Pain or burning during urination
• Thick, white vaginal discharge that is often described as resembling cottage cheese

You may experience just one symptom or several.

Some mild yeast infections may improve without treatment, but many do not go away completely and symptoms may persist or worsen.

Several over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications can effectively treat this common fungal infection.

If you have had a yeast infection before and recognize the symptoms, these products are often a good first option. They are available as creams, ointments and vaginal suppositories and are typically used for one, three or seven days, depending on the formulation.

Common active ingredients include:

• Clotrimazole
• Butoconazole
• Miconazole nitrate
• Tioconazole

Follow package directions carefully to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment.

Some people also try home remedies, such as yogurt, probiotics, tea tree oil or boric acid. However, evidence supporting these approaches is limited and some may irritate sensitive tissue or be unsafe during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor before trying alternative treatments.

If you have never had a yeast infection before or are unsure what is causing your symptoms, contact your primary care doctor or gynecologist. Conditions such as bacterial vaginosis and STIs can cause similar symptoms but require different care.

It is especially important to seek medical evaluation if symptoms are new, severe or recurring.

“If over-the-counter yeast infection treatments don’t cure the infection, make an appointment with your doctor,” says Dr. Fainman. “Some infections are resistant to over-the-counter treatments or may require prescription medication.”

One commonly prescribed treatment is Diflucan (fluconazole), an oral antifungal drug. For many uncomplicated infections, a single dose of fluconazole is often enough to clear the infection, although some women may need additional treatment depending on the severity of their symptoms.

Most women notice improvement within a few days of starting treatment. Mild yeast infections often begin improving within one to three days of treatment, while complete symptom relief may take up to a week.

If symptoms do not improve after treatment, contact your doctor.

While many yeast infections can be treated at home, some women should talk with a doctor before using OTC medications. Contact your doctor if:

• This is your first yeast infection
• Your symptoms are severe
• You are pregnant
• Symptoms return within two months
• You have four or more yeast infections a year
• OTC treatment does not work
• You develop a fever, pelvic pain or unusual discharge

If you have four or more yeast infections each year, you may have recurring yeast infections. Frequent infections may be linked to a health conditions, such as diabetes. They may also be linked to hormone changes, antibiotic use or immune system issues.

Your doctor can help find the cause and determine whether you need more testing or long-term antifungal treatment.

Not all yeast infections can be prevented. Still, a few simple habits may lower your risk:

• Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing that traps heat and moisture
• Change out of wet swimsuits and sweaty workout clothes as soon as possible
• Talk with your doctor about ways to lower risk if you need broad-spectrum antibiotics

Some studies suggest probiotics may help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria and yeast, although research on their effectiveness for preventing yeast infection is still ongoing. Foods like yogurt with live active cultures are one source of probiotics. Your doctor can help determine whether a probiotic supplement may be right for you.

“Yeast infections are common but they don't have to become a recurring problem,” says Dr. Fainman. “If symptoms keep coming back or aren’t improving with treatment, talk with your doctor. Finding the underlying cause can help you get the right treatment and prevent future infections.”