When Should I Get a Skin Cancer Screening?
Those at high risk should have regular skin exams
Those at high risk should have regular skin exams
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States, affecting millions of Americans each year. One in five Americans will be diagnosed with some form of skin cancer in their lifetime.
Despite its prevalence, skin cancer can often be prevented or treated successfully if caught early through screenings or self-exams.
“This means being familiar with your skin and knowing the warning signs of skin cancer, especially if you are at higher risk of skin cancer,” says Benjamin Kelley, MD, a dermatologist at Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center and Scripps Clinic.
Changes in moles or skin can be early signs of skin cancer. It is important to watch for these changes. Early detection of skin cancer can lead to easier or less treatment and better results.
The most common types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Melanoma makes up only 2 percent of cancers, but it is the most serious due to its potential to spread quickly. Non-melanoma types are more common but less deadly.
When to schedule a skin cancer screening?
The frequency of skin cancer screenings depends on your individual risk factors. People at higher risk may need more frequent exams.
“Being at increased risk doesn’t mean you’ll get skin cancer, but you may need to start regular screenings in case you do get skin cancer and it can be caught early,” Dr. Kelley says.
You may be at higher risk if you have:
- Fair skin, red or blond hair, freckles, or blue or light-colored eyes
- One or more blistering sunburns, especially as a child or teen
- Family or personal history of skin cancer
- History of sun exposure or using tanning beds
The main cause of skin cancer is UV rays from the sun. Doctors recommend taking sun safety seriously. Protect your skin by using sunscreen often. Wear protective clothing, especially when you are in the sun for a long period.
What happens during a skin cancer screening?
Skin cancer screenings may be done by a primary care physician or a dermatologist. Dermatologists specialize in skin checks, identifying abnormal moles, skin cancer and other skin conditions.
Skin cancer screenings are simple and non-invasive. They help identify moles that might be dangerous or cancerous. They also rule out moles that are not harmful.
During the screening, the doctor carefully checks your skin from head to toe. They look for moles or skin discolorations that could be of concern.
If you or your doctor find something concerning, the next step might be a biopsy. This means taking a small piece of tissue to examine under a microscope. The test looks for signs of cancer. Often, it turns out to be nothing to worry about.
“But if it does turn out to be cancer, it’s good you found it early. Your doctor will help you navigate any necessary treatments,” Dr. Kelley says.
Self-exams
Regular self-exams are important for spotting early signs of skin cancer. During a self-check, look for new moles, growths, blemishes, freckles and other spots on your body. Pay attention to any changes. This could be a sore that doesn’t heal or a suspicious skin area.
Follow the ABCD rule to check moles for signs that they might be cancerous particularly for melanoma.
Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t look like the other.
Border: Look for jagged, uneven or blurry borders.
Color: The color isn’t the same all over. Watch for spots with more than one shade, like brown, black, tan, red or even blue.
Diameter: Larger than 6 mm (about ¼ inch)
Evolving: The mole is changing, getting bigger, darker, itch or starting to bleed.
Doing a self-examination should take about ten minutes. It works best in a bright area with a full-length mirror.
Use a hand mirror to look at hard-to-see areas, such as the back of your thighs. A spouse, a family member or someone close to you can help you check those areas. Digital photographs can help you keep track of moles over time.
“If you notice something that worries you, make an appointment or write a note to mention at your next visit with your doctor,” Dr. Kelley says.
Even if you are not at higher risk, it’s still a good idea to monitor your skin. If you notice an irregular mole or spot, make an appointment with your doctor or dermatologist.