Stroke Symptoms: Know the BE FAST Warning Signs
Learn the BE FAST acronym and when to call 911
Learn the BE FAST acronym and when to call 911
Key Takeaways
- Stroke is a medical emergency. Call 911 right away.
- Use BE FAST to recognize warning signs.
- Acting quickly can reduce brain damage.
- Many stroke risk factors can be managed.
A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Recognizing the signs of a stroke early can save a life and reduce long-term disability.
“The best way to treat strokes is to respond rapidly,” says Mary Kalafut, MD, stroke medical director at Scripps and a neurologist at Scripps Clinic. “We need to move fast because every minute can cost brain recovery. The emergency room team must recognize a stroke and alert the stroke team, including the neurologist.”
What is a stroke?
A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. This can occur when a blood vessel is blocked or bursts.
Without oxygen-rich blood, brain cells begin to die within minutes. That’s why every second counts.
Stroke is a leading cause of death in the United States. It is also a leading cause of serious long-term disability. According to the American Heart Association, about 800,000 people experience a stroke each year in the U.S.
Getting medical help quickly during a stroke is very important. It can reduce brain damage and improve recovery chances.
Signs of a stroke: Remember BE FAST
The American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association recommend using the acronym BE FAST to help you recognize the signs of a stroke.
BE FAST stands for:
Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination
Eyes: Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Face drooping: One side of the face drooping or feeling numb. Ask the person to smile and check if it is uneven.
Arm weakness: Sudden weakness or numbness in one arm. Ask the person to raise both arms and see if one drifts downward.
Speech difficulty: Slurred speech or difficulty speaking. Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence.
Time to call 911: If you notice any of these signs, even if they disappear, call 911 right away.
Do not wait or drive yourself. Emergency responders can begin care on the way to the hospital.
Can stroke be prevented?
Many strokes can be prevented. Work with your health care team to manage key health conditions and lifestyle habits.
Major stroke risk factors:
High blood pressure: It is the leading cause of stroke. Regularly monitor your blood pressure and keep it under control with lifestyle changes and medication if needed.
High cholesterol: Excess cholesterol can clog blood vessels, increasing the risk of stroke. A healthy diet and medication can help manage cholesterol levels.
Atrial fibrillation: This irregular heartbeat condition can lead to blood clots, increasing the risk of stroke. Treatments include medication and medical procedures.
Diabetes: This metabolic condition affects your body’s ability to process glucose (sugar), increasing stroke risk. Managing blood sugar levels is crucial.
Sickle cell disease: This genetic blood disorder increases the risk of stroke, especially in children and young adults. Early detection and regular care are important to lower this risk.
Obesity: Excess weight contributes to other risk factors like high blood pressure and diabetes. Healthy eating and regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight.
Smoking: Tobacco damages blood vessels and raises stroke risk. Quitting can significantly improve your health and reduce risk over time.
Heavy alcohol use: Drinking too much alcohol can raise blood pressure and stroke risk. Moderation is key.
How to lower stroke risk
• Eat a heart-healthy diet
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Quit smoking
• Limit alcohol intake
• Follow your doctor’s treatment plan
Risk factors you can’t control
Some stroke risk factors cannot be changed. However, being aware of them can help you manage your health.
Age: Stroke risk increases with age, but strokes can occur at any age. Managing risk factors, such as blood pressure, cholesterol and lifestyle habits, can help lower your risk.
Family history: Having a close family member with stroke may increase your risk. Knowing your history can help you take steps to lower it.
Sex: Women have a higher lifetime risk of stroke than men. Understanding your risk can help guide prevention.
Race and ethnicity: Some groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans, are at higher risk of stroke, highlighting the need for preventive care.