How Sunscreen Helps Prevent Skin Cancer
Daily sunscreen use is key to lowering your skin cancer risk
Daily sunscreen use is key to lowering your skin cancer risk
Sun protection isn’t just for the summer months. It’s a year-round habit that plays a critical role in skin cancer prevention — especially in sunny places like San Diego.
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 1 in 5 people will develop some form of skin cancer in their lifetime. The leading cause? Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
Using sunscreen, practicing sun safety and wearing protective clothing are easy ways to lower the risk of skin cancer. These steps also help keep your skin healthy in the long run.
“Use sun protective factors when you’re out and about. This includes sunscreen, wide-brim hats, UV-blocking sunglasses and protective clothing,” says Hugh Greenway, MD, a dermatologist and chair of Bighorn Mohs Surgery and Dermatology Center at Scripps Clinic.
“And don’t get a sunburn,” he adds. “Most of us have had one or two really bad sunburns in our lives, and we need to remind ourselves that we don’t want to go through that again.”
Types of skin cancer
Skin cancer comes in various forms. The most common are basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Melanoma is less common but is the most serious type. Melanoma tumors can form anywhere on the skin.
UVA vs UVB rays: know the risks
The sun emits two types of UV rays: UVA and UVB. Each type of ray affects the skin differently.
UVA rays penetrate deeply and contribute to premature aging and long-term sun damage.
UVB rays target the skin’s outer layers, causing sunburn and playing a major role in the development of skin cancers. Sunburns increase the risk of melanoma by 80 percent.
Why sunscreen works
Sunscreen creates a barrier between your skin and harmful UV rays. It helps prevent sunburn, early aging and cancer.
Choosing the right sunscreen products
Sunscreen comes in different forms: lotion, powder, stick or spray. Your choice depends on what you like and your skin type.
There are two main types of sunscreens: physical (or mineral) and chemical. Neither type is necessarily better than the other. They just work differently. The best option depends on your skin's needs and personal preferences.
Chemical vs. physical sunscreen
Chemical sunscreens absorb UV rays into the skin and convert them into heat, which is then released. These sunscreens often feel lightweight and are easy to rub in.
Some also have antioxidants, which help fight free radicals and offer added extra protection.
Physical sunscreens, on the other hand, form a barrier that reflects and scatters harmful UV rays. They are often called mineral sunscreens because they contain naturally derived active ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. These ingredients start working immediately and are generally gentler on sensitive skin.
Many brands now market their physical sunscreens as “mineral” to highlight their use of non-chemical UV blockers. Look for labels that say zinc-based or mineral formula. One downside is that some mineral sunscreens may leave a visible white cast, especially on darker skin tones.
Dr. Greenway recommends that whatever sunscreen you pick is broad-spectrum. This means it protects against UVA and UVB rays. It should also be water-resistant. Look for a sun protection factor (SPF) between 30 and 50.
Letting kids pick their own sunscreen can help them use it more often. They are more likely to apply something they enjoy, whether it’s the scent, texture or packaging.
Men who are new to using sunscreen might try a daily facial moisturizer with SPF in place of aftershave lotion. Applying it to the lower two-thirds of the face can help them build a good sun protection habit.
How to properly apply sunscreen
Applying sunscreen correctly is important for effective sun protection. Be sure to cover all exposed skin, including easy-to-miss spots like your ears, neck and the tops of your feet.
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using at least an ounce of sunscreen per application. This is about the amount that fits into a shot glass (1.5 oz.).
Also:
- Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside.
- Reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.
- Don’t forget lip protection. Use a lip balm with SPF for extra safety.
Early detection is key
While sunscreen is important for reducing your daily exposure to harmful UV rays, annual skin screenings are also vital for long-term skin cancer prevention.
In a sun-soaked city like San Diego, annual skin checks are nonnegotiable, says Dr. Greenway. Early detection is key.
“We all love San Diego because of the sun — that’s why we’re here,” says Dr. Greenway. “But remember that you should have one of your physicians check your skin at least once a year, or if you’re at higher risk, twice a year. Your doctor knows what to look for.”
Whether you are hiking in San Diego, walking your dog or driving to work, sun exposure adds up. You can protect your skin and health by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing and getting skin checks.
Don’t wait for a warning sign. Start preventing skin problems now. Schedule your yearly skin exam. Check your sun care products. Make sure to include sun protection in your daily routine.