Teen Depression Symptoms: How to Spot the Signs and Get Help

Teenagers go through many changes. Hormones, school stress, peer pressure and social media can all affect how they feel. That can make it hard to tell what’s normal and what might be a mental health problem.

“Teenagers can be moody and temperamental at times. Keep in mind, they’re going through physical changes and asking questions about who they are and what they want to do with their lives as they become more independent,” says Gurinder Dabhia, MD, a pediatrician at Scripps Clinic Rancho Bernardo.

“While occasional bad moods and acting out can be normal adolescent conduct, these types of behaviors also can indicate underlying depression or anxiety,” she says.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening for depression in adolescents ages 12 to 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports this guidance.

Anyone can develop depression at any age. For teens, it’s important to know what signs to look for. They may not always express how they feel.

“Make sure to talk to your teen frequently and offer your support,” Dr. Dabhia says. “Make it clear you are willing to offer whatever support they need.”

Emotional signs of depression may include:

• Feeling sad or down
• Irritability or mood swings
• Low self-esteem or feelings of guilt
• Hopelessness
• Loss of interest in activities or hobbies they once enjoyed

Behavioral or school-related signs may include:

• Declining grades or loss of interest in schoolwork
• Difficulty concentrating
• Frequent absences or tardiness
• Withdrawal from friends or after-school activities

Physical symptoms can include:

• Changes in sleep (insomnia or sleeping too much)
• Appetite changes or weight loss/gain
• Headaches or stomachaches without a clear cause

If these signs last more than two weeks, it’s time to reach out for help.

Parents, caregivers and family members play key roles in recognizing and treating depression in teens.

“When it comes to teens, it’s important for parents or guardians to stay positive and keep the lines of communication open,” Dr. Dabhia says.

As teen depression rises, many adolescents are turning to AI chatbots for emotional support. These tools can feel safe and accessible, offering help with stress management, mood tracking or breathing exercises.

However, doctors caution against relying on them as a primary support system, especially for depression or suicidal thoughts. Risks include receiving wrong information or increasing isolation. AI also cannot recognize when a teen is spiraling or at risk of self-harm and it won’t notify a parent, teacher or doctor.

“Teens need support from people who can recognize warning signs and provide proper care,” says Dr. Dabhia. “That includes parents, medical professionals and other trusted adults.”

Parents can be supportive by listening and creating an environment where their teens can feel comfortable discussing their feelings without fear of judgment.

Regularly engaging in conversations and offering a listening ear can make a big difference.

“It’s okay to be persistent and not give up on your adolescent if he or she refuses to talk at first,” Dr. Dabhia adds. “Talking about depression can be tough but helpful.”

Talk but make sure to listen, she emphasizes. “Accept what your teen tells you without judging or criticizing. It is important to validate their feelings.”

If your teenager feels sad, hopeless or anxious for more than two weeks, schedule a visit with their doctor. Pediatrician scan screen for depression, anxiety and suicide risk.

The doctor will ask questions to check if everything is okay. Parents are often present during these questions. The doctor will also have a private conversation with your child. If necessary, your doctor can refer you to a mental health specialist.

“Be ready to discuss specific information about your adolescent’s symptoms, including how long they’ve been present, how much they’re affecting your teen’s daily life and any patterns you’ve noticed,” Dr. Dabhia says.

Some teens use alcohol or drugs to cope with feelings of sadness or hopelessness. This can lead to a cycle of addiction and depression that can be difficult to break.

Watch for:

• Sudden changes in behavior
• Secretive actions
• Smell of substances

If you suspect substance use, get help right away.

Teens are more likely to develop depression if they:

• Have a family history of depression or mental illness
• Have experienced trauma, abuse or bullying
• Are going through major life changes like divorce or moving

These factors can increase the risk of symptoms of depression appearing or becoming more severe.

Suicide talk should never be ignored. If your teen talks about self-harm or suicide, take it seriously.

“Don’t think you can just talk your adolescent out of his or her anxiety or depression. Learn to take the stresses and worries of your child or teen seriously and never dismiss talk of suicide,” Dr. Dabhia says.

Suicide situations require immediate action. Call 911 or the 988 Suicide Crisis Lifeline.

Some groups may face higher risks of suicide or suicide attempts. This includes young people who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or queer. The Trevor Project offers free, confidential support for LGBTQ+ youth.

Talk therapy is often the first step. A licensed therapist can help teens express their feelings, build coping skills and change negative thinking.

Medication like antidepressants may also be prescribed, especially in moderate to severe cases. Always follow your provider’s instructions as these medicines can have side effects.

Recovering from depression takes time and cannot be hurried. It’s a long-term process that requires ongoing support.

Support your teen in:

• Staying connected with family and friends
• Getting enough sleep
• Eating healthy foods
• Staying physically active

Also, remind them to do things they enjoy — like art, music, sports or spending time outside. These activities can help them relax and feel better when they’re stressed or upset.